Monday, March 3, 2014

Keep Capitalizing on the Courageous and Encouraging Fight for Freedom!

March 3, 2014
by T.Goshu
I believe that hope and courage, not fear and timorous obedience, are the will of God. Courage is not the absence of fear. Courage is looking fear in the face and refusing to be intimidated. Courage is the fire fighter rushing into a burning building or the soldier going into battle, fully aware of the dangers they are facing but accepting the challenge to do what duty calls on them to do for something they believe in.”
That is how Harold S. Kushner, the author of a book titled, Conquering Fear: Living Boldly in an Uncertain World (2009describes what courage and hope do really mean. What  Kushner powerfully argues is that leading our lives (as human being) with a real sense of hopefulness and courageousness is essentially the will of God Who has created us in His own image; and blessed us to enjoy all things he has made available on this planet earth. And this, I strongly believe starts with our courage to face the fear that endangers our fundamental rights and dignities as human beings. It goes without saying that unless we either wittingly or unwittingly interpret things misleadingly, those fundamental values are so intrinsic to human beings.  And to my understanding, what Kushner argues is so powerful in a sense that it is these fundamental values where religious and democratic values strongly converge. Kushner further argues that courage does not mean necessarily being fearless, but it is a determination to defeat the fear that endangers the very essence of our freedom as human beings. It is deeply unfortunate that it is this very essence of who we are and what we are is being grossly violated in our country.
Having stated this as an introductory part of my article, let me proceed to the viewpoints of mine I wanted to reflect under the topic I have chosen:
1. It is just a matter of about three months to receive a one- year anniversary of a political event that has sparked a great deal of courage and hope in our country. It was the month of June last year that the youngest political party (the Blue Party) with an overwhelmingly youth membership patriotically echoed the voices of the people in the streets of Addis Ababa.  It was with this truly courageous political step that the party was able to break the silence that has terrifyingly griped the people since2005.  In other words, the party has powerfully voiced the voices of the innocent people of Ethiopian in the streets of Addis Ababa; and has challenged the incredible degree of fear of eight years as the result of the brutal political crime committed by the ruling party. That very traumatic political episode was and is a bitter experience that will never be forgotten as simple as anything.  However, what is absolutely important at this movement in time and the challenges ahead of us is not lamenting what happened in the pastbut learning a serious lesson and move forward. That is why we have to sincerely be appreciative and supportive of the political reawakening being brought forward by the Blue Party and other opposition forces such as UDJ (Andinet), All Ethiopian Unity Organization and those of the “thirty-three”.
The Blue (Semayawi Party) has shown its seriousness about paying any necessary sacrifice if the dream for living with political freedom, civil liberty, human dignity, peace and shared prosperity should become a reality. We have witnessed how the party and its members as well as supporters had to face a very cruel intimidation and mistreatment when they tried to decry not getting any response from the government of TPLF/EPRDF to the very legitimate demands they made during the demonstration that broke the silence of years. There is no doubt that the party (Semayawi) has challenged the notorious fear imposed by the ruling party which is determined to stay in power and to achieve the end (goal)it sets by any means . It goes without saying that the end of the political game for the ruling party is nothing, but staying in power and advancing the voracious economic interests of its own as well as the deadly parasitic cronies (political cadres and so-called investors). Semayawi and its supporters and the people who desperately want to see a democratic change in their country were deprived their rights of voicing their voices in the streets of their own country. Sadly enough, they were told to go to the Janmeda which was another desperate attempt by the ruling party with a very foolish assumption that isolating people’s voices (political quarantine) is the best means to stifle the truth and to continue its evil-driven political agenda. And of course that is the very stupidity all tyrannical and dictatorial regimes do share.
With all the notoriously nonsensical responses from the ruling party, Semayawi keeps moving with its legitimate and peaceful protests against the dehumanizing situations Ethiopians continue to face not only within but in every corner of the world. Needless to say, the very root cause for all the sufferings of Ethiopians both within and abroad is the gross violation of political freedom, the deprivation of human and socio-economic rights of the people by a terribly tyrannical ruling circle.
Yes, what happened and is happening to our sisters and brothers in Saudi Arabia was and still is one of the self-explanatory situations we have to face and continue to face.  It was deeply shocking to watch the ruling party security forces and police harassing, intimidating and beating up those who joined the protest against the inhuman treatment on Ethiopians in Saudi Arabia right in front of the Saudi Embassy in Addis Ababa. On the other hand, it was truly admirable when Semayawi keeps moving forward despite all sorts of dangerously hostile environments imposed by the inner ruling circle of TPLF/EPRDF which keeps going from serious political madness to a much more chronic political illness.
Another patriotic march for the preservation and protection of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Ethiopia was organized by Semayawi that took place in the city of Gondar. As we witnessed, the ruling party and the regional government officials (the simple tools of the ruling party) tried to disrupt the demonstration with all kinds of means which emanated from a very deep desperation and frustration of the TPLF/EPRDF. We on the other hand, have witnessed how Semayawi and the people of Gondar heroically challenged the notoriously dangerous threat from the regional ruling party and its government; and successfully held the demonstration through which a powerful message was sent to the ruling elites and their executive machinery.
2. Another courageous and encouraging political reawakening was undertaken and is being undertaken by Unity for Democracy and Justice (Andinet). The first round of peaceful and legitimate political move under the theme of “Millions of Voices for Freedom” was a very commendable progress.  Given the very hostile (dangerous) political propaganda and action by the ruling party and its associates both in the preparatory stage and during the actual staging of the demonstrations in various cities of the country, the determination by UDJ’s members and supporters was truly patriotic.Encouraging political reawakening by Unity for Democracy and Justice (UDJ) Party.
The steps taken by the party (Andinet) in making itself (within) more effective so that it could out-smartly deal with the dirty political game of the TPLF/EPRDF is also truly encouraging. Making its leadership very inviting and open to energetic and capable young politicians is so commendable and truly inspiring. The ongoing efforts to create close cooperation and much more practical coordination between Andinet and All Ethiopian Unity Organization deserves due appreciation and encouragement, and of course all necessary support.
The recently staged massive public protest against an extremely disturbing and outrageous rhetoric by the vice president of the Amahara Regional government, Ato Alemnew Mekonnen was not just a protest as we know before. It was a huge and serious public outrage that has sent a highly alarming message to the ruling elites who look determine to perpetuate their political power with the continuation of the dehumanization of the innocent people of Ethiopia. Well, it has to unequivocally be noted here that it is neither unexpected nor uncommon that the so-called  Amahara National Democratic Movement (Beaden) is the group with a bunch of people who had been put together to advance the very agenda and mission of TPLF. This may sound hard to believe especially to those who are victims of the highly hypocritical and cynical propaganda of the ruling circle. But, such a dirty political propaganda cannot change the reality on the ground whatsoever. Not only this, but the Movement (Beaden) is led by individuals who do suffer from an incredible degree of incompetence (stupidity) and the terrible lack of being considerate to their own human common sense ( conscience). In other words, leaving aside the political rationale and a sense of self-confidence, those leaders of ANDM have lost even a certain sense of moral and ethical values. That is why I strongly argue that the very idiotic words of mouth of the Movement that have been thrown up through the mouth of Alemnew Mekonnen are not surprising. What should be very disturbing and deeply worrisome is if we as a people do not draw a bottom line of tolerating the political game that has caused an incredible degree of national disgrace.
I want to note here that although the question of whether the ongoing courageous and encouraging momentum can keep moving forward with a more sustainable, determined and effective manner is open to debate , there is no doubt that the way and manner it currently appeared is  truly inspiring and deserves a critical support .
The preparation to launch the second round of “Millions of Voices for Freedom” by UDJ in collaboration with other genuinely concerned opposition political forces gives us a strong reason to be more optimistic about the shortening of the untold sufferings of the people . Yes, our strong reason to be more optimistic is that “the Voices of Millions for Freedom” will transform themselves to “the Actions of Millions for the Actualization of Genuine Freedom.” It is powerfully true when Carne Ross (The Leaderless Revolution: How Ordinary People Will Take Power and Change Politics in the 21st Century, 2011) argues that, “One person becomes a group, then becomes a movement; one act believed in and repeated by others becomes material, dramatic change.”
3. When it comes to the demand for religious freedom that has been and is being violated by the ruling party, the Ethiopian Muslims’ peaceful and legitimate movement was and is so courageous and truly encouraging.  Though it “apparently” seems calming down these days, the peaceful and legitimate Ethiopian Muslims’ movement against the political intrusion in their religious freedom has played an exemplary role not only in terms of religious freedom but also in terms of advancing the struggle for the realization of human rights/dignity and the prevalence of justice for all. As one of the very deep-rooted problem of the ruling party is considering all movements of dissenters  or demands for due respect for basic rights  as the threats of its unchecked power, it had to arrest, torture and accuse those coordinating committee members of the movement of involving in “act of terrorism”.
What is horribly disturbing is when those religious leaders (both Muslims and Christians) who allowed themselves to be parts of the tyrannical political game to the extent of asking the government to silence those who decry the gross violation of their religious freedom.  Should this kind of extremely wicked and deadly dangerous mix between politics and religion be challenged in a more persistent, coordinated and determined way of doing things? I absolutely believe that it should be!! I strongly believe that those political cadres in religious clothing (Bishops, pastors and Sheikhs) should unequivocally be told that they should make their minds, regret about the dirty game they have been muddling for long enough. Yes, they must be strongly reminded that they desperately need either to make their minds or discharge their spiritual mission appropriately or take of their religious clothing, and the Holy Cross (Orthodox) they are using to deceive the innocent followers and join the political army of the ruling party. This argument of mine sounds harsh to those who are victims of the politico-religious propaganda of TOLF/EPRDF. But, that is the hard fact we have to face!
It is very unfortunate that the ruling elites are not willing and able to pull back their merciless political machinery and ask themselves what went terribly wrong for the last two decades, and try how to get out of it.  What we continue to witness is the continuation of a deadly political agenda of the TPLF/EPRDF even after the death of its heart and mind, Ato Meles Zenawi. The living ruling elites who have proved themselves to be the brain-children of the late prime minister who was of course self-evidently   hypocritical, cynical and arrogant found themselves in a very serious state of confusion and desperation. They had clearly shown their frustration and devastation when he was terminally ill and at the time of his death and afterwards. The people of Ethiopia were officially told (better to say warned) that they had to show their “love” to a person who was not only “the great leader of Ethiopia but also of all Africa.” The living inner circle of the ruling party and all the parasitic political cadres did not take time to make themselves busy with the propaganda of inculcating the cult of their dead mentor in the minds and hearts of the people. They tried hard to the extent of indoctrinating that the country was under the control of the ghost of their late brain-father.
They are still trying to perpetuate their political power and economic control with the indoctrination of the personal cult of “the legacy of the great leader.” Needless to say that Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn who was politically nurtured by his late mentor, Ato Meles Zenawi has moved into the grand palace with the fake blessing of the very inner circle of EPRDF which is of course merely the creation of TPLF and being used as a “Trojan horse” for the continuation of the dirty political game of divide and rule. And there is no doubt that Ato Hailemariam Dasalegn himself knows very well that his role is nothing, but to be a mere speaking tool for those who practically control the direction and speed of the “Trojan horse”.
Ato Bereket Simon insulted the eighty percent of the population (farmers and pastoralists) to the extent of saying that this overwhelming majority of the population “should lay down if we (EPRDF) told them to do so.” And he further told us with his sense assurance that this section of the population “do say nothing whatever wrong doing we (EPRDF) do.” Now, his brain-child, Ato Aleminew Mekonnen has thrown up his extremely idiotic words of moth not only right on the faces of the Amahars but the innocent people of Ethiopia in general.
To stress once again, the political reawakening that was sparked by Semayawi last year and inspiringly reinforced by other political parties and movements makes a real sense of courage and hope.
There is no doubt that the peaceful and legitimate movement of Ethiopian Muslims has a remarkable role not only by decrying the ugly mix between politics and religion, but also in the struggle for justice and freedom.
Will all these encouraging and courageous fights against ethnic-based tyranny pave the way for the most desired destination (freedom, justice, equality, shared prosperity)? I optimistically say YES!
4. But, I want to say that this cannot be possible without considering certain factors which help things happen in the way we aspire to happen. I am well aware that the following factors of progress are not new at all. They are almost becoming the languages of our political dis-course in various forms, media, arguments, debates and etc. But, believing that it is absolutely necessary to repeatedly remind ourselves about those factors of success story, I want to jot down them as follows:
a) I strongly believe that the most critical factor for success is the willingness and ability to make a constant, rationally critical, wisely tolerant and constructivelyinward –looking political work. Simply put, democratic values and principles, and a real sense of resolving disputes/disagreements or conflicts of ideas with a real sense of civility should be developed as an internal culture of any interest group let alone a political party that claims to be capable of leading a country of ninety million people with considerable diversity.  It must be noted here that a relatively developed democracies are so messy leave alone in a country that has never had any democratic culture or experience in the real sense of the term. Almost all of us who either are founding members of a party or those who join later as members are highly vulnerable to the political culture of personalizing the disagreements on issues, not taking them as matters that are expected to be dealt with in the spirit of working relationships. That is why we get surprised and panic whenever hear or see individuals dismembering themselves from the political party they belonged to. I am not saying the reason they distance themselves should not be taken into consideration and dealt with accordingly. What I am saying is that it is politically naïve to run away from a party whenever that party faces problems instead of trying hard and help the party to resolve its problems and move forward. I do not want to generalize things. But I have to say that the political mind set of “If my political arrogance (naivety) has no place, I am out” is the ugly face of our political culture. And I think that is why we keep breeding factions after factions or groups after groups instead of brining the already multiplied groupings closer and together.
b) There is a pressing need to work hard (aggressively) on creating a unified way of doing politics, if not creating a much more rationally meaningful and sustainable cooperation and coordination among political parties whose major national agenda and programs are so similar. The move by Andinet and AEUP and those of ‘the thirty-three’ is an encouraging example.
c) There is another pressing need with respect to the relationships between/among those parties which may have considerable differences of some issues to deal with. It has to be strongly underscored that those issues of differences should be dealt with rationally, wisely, constructively and amicably and be the sources of strength and togetherness, not the other way round.  There is a need to minimize, if not avoid engaging in a very undesirable and damaging political rhetoric. The politics of mere name calling and playing the blame game is one of the greatest enemies of making a meaningful difference throughout our political history. Let me reiterate that I am not saying the politics of “touch not me or leave alone” should not be challenged and engaged.  What I am trying to say is that the way we challenge and engage should be rationally critical, issue- focused, truly constructive and forward-looking.
d) Needless to say, one of the very undesirable trends of our political culture isleaning heavily towards our past of which we have gone through with all our strong and weak sides of experiences. There is no doubt that this kind of sentiment which is vulnerable to irrational and destructive behavior and action needs serious attention and a truly wise way of dealing with. The two extremes of looking at our past: “United Ethiopia” regardless of the legitimate concerns about the need to deal with the troubling elements of our history on the one hand, and the tendency of dismissing or denying the strong side of our history on the other hand requires a genuinely concerted effort. It is self-evident that as the ruling party which is actually controlled by TPLF is the driving force of this ugly political game of divide and rule, the struggle for making a concerted effort shouldn’t be expected to be easy. But, there is no any other plausible choice except dealing with it rationally, tolerantly, and with mutual understanding that leads to the creation of living in a real sense of unity within diversity. And this responsibility heavily rests on the shoulders of all genuinely concerned political opposition forces. I strongly believe that the very efforts of opposition political forces in this regard should be undertaken by each individual member and supporter with strong conviction, not just at the very top of the leadership.
e) I truly believe that the messages of opposition political forces needs to be worked out and channeled in the form of break down instead of in the form of generalization. To be clear, it is much more understandable and effective if our messages aimed at more specific areas of interests that immediately and directly affect certain target groups. For example, farmers and pastoralist, civil servants , students, business community, professional associations , labor unions , women, artists, the armed forces and police and etc… Yes, all these and other target groups in one way or another are victims of the miserably ill-guided political agenda of TPLF/EPRDF. However, there is a need to articulate and address their particular and immediate concerns, and show them that the success of the ongoing struggle is the only ultimate and reliable solution for the general crisis they are facing.
f) Finally, it would be very unfair for me if I sum up this piece of writing of mine without expressing one critically important input if we are really serious enough about the realization of a democratic change we desperately aspire.  Imagine how it is enormously hard to make a political commitment and operate in a country under a ruling party that never hesitate to use its deadly machineries to crash and destroy not only an organized opposition but also any citizen who dissents from its way of doings. That is exactly what has happened and continue to happen to those opposition forces I tried to mention just as examples. If we agree on this political reality going on in our country, the logical question will be: Do not those compatriots who are trying their best to contribute to the struggle for freedom and justice deserve our support in any way we can? I absolutely believe they do and should!   It absolutely does not make any sense to start an engine of a vehicle and try to drive it to a destination we want be without an adequate amount of fuel in it. Needless to say, when it comes to the price/sacrifice for freedom and justice, things are more complex and extremely hard. Do not get me wrong here that I am saying we have to extend our support (material, financial, moral and etc.) to those who are at the very front of the struggle without being critical. What I am trying to say is that there is a very pressing need to extend our support with along with our rationally critical and constructive views and ideas.
sourseECADF Ethiopian News

Ethiopia: Deportee killed in Saudi detention center riot

RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA — A detainee died in a stampede during a riot at a Saudi detention center for migrant workers awaiting deportation, police said Monday, adding that nine others were injured.
Photo file
Police spokesman Lt. Col. Ati bin Attiya al-Qarshi said in a statement that some of the foreign detainees at the al-Shemaisi center in the Red Sea city of Jiddah rioted Sunday evening and clashed with security personnel. He did not give the reasons for rioting or reveal the victims’ nationalities.
Yemeni online forums and news websites reported that 10 Yemenis were killed when police opened fire on the rioters who were demanding that Saudi authorities speed up their deportation. The reports say between 6,000 to 10,000 Yemenis are detained in the prison in Jiddah.
The deportations are part of a Saudi campaign to expel undocumented foreign workers after decades of lax immigration enforcement allowed migrants to take many low-wage jobs that the kingdom’s own citizens shunned. Saudi authorities, grappling with high unemployment, now want those jobs for the kingdom’s citizens.
Hundreds of thousands of Yemenis seek work in oil-rich Saudi Arabia, sometimes crossing into the kingdom illegally through their country’s porous northern border. Yemen is the Arab world’s most impoverished country and is reeling from several years of turmoil and political upheaval.
The Saudi migrant sweep has sparked violence before. In November, at least one Ethiopian and a Sudanese were killed in clashes between migrant workers protesting the crackdown and vigilante Saudis in the capital Riyadh. Similar clashes also broke out in Jiddah when police combed the area for migrants.
Human Rights Watch has criticized the conditions of detainees awaiting deportation in the kingdom. The rights group last month said more than 12,000 Somali migrants were held under “appalling conditions” before they were deported from Saudi Arabia.
The Saudi government says it has deported more than a quarter-million migrants since the government began enforcing its crackdown in November. Around 170,000 of those are Ethiopians, most of whom never acquired visas, often taking perilous boat journeys across the Gulf of Aden to Yemen from where they cross illegally into the kingdom with the help of smugglers.
An additional one million migrant workers were forced to leave the kingdom, or face arrest and deportation, during an amnesty period ahead of the government crackdown. The majority of foreign workers in the kingdom are from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia and the Philippines, as well as Egypt and Yemen.
Read more here: http://www.thestate.com/2014/03/03/3302334/deportee-in-saudi-killed-in-detention.html#storylink=cpy
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The Oromo Studies Association’s Tribute to the Late Dr. Paul Baxter (1925-2014)

OSA_2013
March 3, 2014
It is with great sadness that the Oromo Studies Association (OSA) informs the Oromo and friends of Oromo about the passing away of Dr. Paul Baxter on March 2, 2014. He was 89. Dr. Paul Baxter was a distinguished British anthropologist who devoted his life to Oromo studies. He is one of the finest human being, who contributed immensely to the development of Oromo studies at the time when the scholarship on the Oromo people was extremely discouraged in Ethiopia. His death is a significant loss for his family, all those who knew and were touched by his humanity and kindness, and for the students of Oromo studies. Dr. Paul Baxter is survived by his wife, Pat Baxter, his son, Adam Baxter, and his three grandsons and their children.
Born on January 30, 1925 in England, Paul Trevor William Baxter, popularly known as Paul Baxter or P.T.W. Baxter, earned his BA degree from Cambridge University. Influenced by famous scholars such as Bronisław Kasper Malinowski, Charles Gabriel Seligman, and Evans Pritchard, Paul Baxter had a solid affection for social anthropology. He went to the famous Oxford University to study social anthropology.
It was at the zenith of the Amharization project of Emperor Haile Selassie that he developed a strong interest to study the social organization of the Oromo people. In fact, in 1952, he wanted to go to Ethiopia to study the Oromo Gada system.  Let alone tolerating this type of research, Ethiopia was in the middle of the massive project to eradicate the memory of the Oromo from their historic and indigenous territories. The Assimilation policy was in the full swing. Little spared from an attempt was made to change everything Oromo into Amharic. Even the Oromo names of urban centers were rechristened into Amharic names. It is no wonder that Ethiopia was reluctant to welcome a researcher like Baxter who was looking for the soul of the Oromo culture in the homogenizing Ethiopian Empire. Nonetheless, the challenge did not bother the young and exuberant Baxter to pursue his studies. He was determined more than ever to study the social fabric of the Oromo nation. Failed to get permission to do research among the Oromo in Ethiopia, he went to the British Colony Kenya to study the Borana Oromo social organization in northern Kenya. He spent two years (1952 and 1953) among them, which resulted in his PhD dissertation: ‘The Social Organization of the Oromo of Northern Kenya’, in 1954.  This research became a foundation for more of his researches to come and a reference for the students of Oromo studies. Besides, the research disqualified many of the myths and pseudo facts that assume the Oromos were a people without civilization, culture, and history. Dr. Paul Baxter did not stop here. He continued with his studies and spent several decades studying different aspects of the Oromo society. It was through his extended research among the Oromos that he deconstructed some of the myths that portrayed the Oromo people as a “warlike” or “barbarian” nation. The title of essays in his honor, in 1994, “A River of Blessings” speaks to his perception and reality of the Oromo as a peace-loving nation. In his article, “Ethiopia’s Unacknowledged Problem: The Oromo,” he highlighted some of the Oromophobic and barbaric manners of the Ethiopian Empire, and he suggested that peace with the Oromo nation was the only lasting panacea to the Ethiopian political sickening.
In his long academic and research career, he studied the Oromo from northern Kenya to Wallo and Arsi to Guji and so on. He edited a number of books on Oromo studies and published many other articles and book chapters in the field of social anthropology. He participated several times on OSA annual conferences. During the 1960s and 1970s, Dr. Paul Baxter was known as the finest living social anthropologist in the United Kingdom. Besides his impressive scholarship on the Oromo society, Dr. Paul Baxter’s lasting legacy is that he educated so many scholars who have studied Oromo culture both in Kenya and Ethiopia. Dr. Paul Baxter’s passion and determination will inspire the generation of students of the Oromo studies. Our prayers and thoughts are with his family, friends, and Oromos and friends of Oromo studies during this difficult time.

Ibrahim Elemo, M.D., M.P.H
President, the Oromo Studies Association
Mohammed Hassen, Ph.D.
Board Chairman, the Oromo Studies Association







A partial list of his scholarly works on the Oromo includes the followings:

1.  “The Social Organization of the [Oromo] of Northern Kenya” Ph.D. Dissertation, Oxford University, 1954.
2.    “Repetition in Certain Boran Ceremonies” In African Systems of Thought, ed. M.Fortes and G. Dieterlin, (London: Oxford University Press for International African Institute, 1960), 64-78.
3.    “Acceptance and Rejection of Islam among the Boran of the Northern Frontier District of Kenya” in Islam in Tropical Africa, edited by I.O. Lewis (London: Oxford University Press, 1966), 233-250.

4.   “Stock Management and the Diffusion of Property Rights among the Boran” In Proceedings of the Third International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, (Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, Haile Selassie I University, 1966), 116-127.

5.    “Some Preliminary Observations on a type of Arssi Song” In Proceedings of the Third International Congress of Ethiopian Studies, ed. E. Cerulli (Rome: 1972).

6.   “Boran Age-Sets and Generation-set: Gada, a Puzzle or a maze?” In Age Generation and time: Some Features of East African Age Oroganisations, ed. P.T.W. Baxter and U. Almagor, ( London: C. Hurst, 1978), 151-182.
7. “Ethiopia’s Unacknowledged Problem: The Oromo”, African Affairs, Volume 77, Number 208 (1978): 283-296.
8.  “Atete: A Congregation of Arssi Women” North East African Studies, Volume I (1979), 1-22.
9. Boran Age-Sets and Warfare”, in Warfare among East African Herders, ed. D. Turton and K. Fukui, Senri Ethnological Studies, Number 3, Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology( 1979), 69-95.
10. “Always on the outside looking in: A view of the 1969 Ethiopian elections from a rural constituency” Ethnos, Number 45(1980): 39-59.
11. “The Problem of the Oromo or the Problem for the Oromo” in Nationalism and Self-Determination in the Horn of Africa, ed. I.M. Lewis, (London: Ithaca Press, 1983), 129-150.
12. “Butter for Barley and Barley for Cash: Petty Transactions and small Transformations in an Arssi Market” in Proceedings of Seventh Congress of Ethiopian Studies (Lund:  1984), 459-472.
13. “The Present State of Oromo Studies: a Resume,” Bulletin des Etudes africaine de l’ Inalco, Vol. VI, Number 11(1986): 53-82.
14. “Giraffes and Poetry: Some Observations on Giraffe Hunting among the Boran” Paiduma: Mitteilungen fur Kulturkunde Volume 32 (1986), 103-115.
15. “Some Observations on the short Hymns sung in Praise of Shaikh Nur Hussein of Bale” In The Diversity of the Muslim Community, ed. Ahmed el –Shahi, (London: Ithaca Press, 1987), 139-152.
16.  “L’impact de la revolution chez les Oromo: Commentl’ont-ils percu, comment ont-ils reagi?” In La Revolution ethiopienne comme phenomene de societe, edited by Joseph Tubiana, (Paris: l’Harmattan, Bibliotheque Peiresc, 1990), 75-92.
7. “Big men and cattle licks in Oromoland” Social change and Applied Anthropology; Essays in Honor of David  David W. Brokensha, edited by Miriam Chaiken & Anne K. Fleuret,( Boulder: Westview Press, 1990), 246-261.
18. “Oromo Blessings and Greetings” IN The Creative Communion, edited by Anita  Jacoson-Widding &  W. Van Beek (Uppsala, Uppsala Studies in Cultural Anthropology , 1990), 235-250.
19. “Introduction “In Guji Oromo Culture in Southern Ethiopia by J. Van de Loo, ( Berli: ReinMer, 1991).
20. “Ethnic Boundaries and Development: Speculations on the Oromo Case” In Inventions and Boundaries: Historical and Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Ethnicity & Nationalism, edited by Kaarsholm Preben & Jan Hultin, (Denmark: Roskilde University, 1994):  247-260.
21. “The Creation & Constitution of Oromo Nationality” In Ethnicity & Conflict in the Horn of Africa, edited by Fukui Katsuyoshi & John Markarkis, (London: James Currey, 1994): 166-86.
22.  “Towards a Comparative Ethnography of the Oromo” in Being & Becoming Oromo: Historical & Anthropological enquiries, edited by Paul Baxter et al, (Uppsala: Nordiska Afikanistitutet, 1996): 178-189.
23. “Components of moral Ethnicity: The case of the Oromo.” In Ethnicity and the state in Eastern Africa, edited by Mohammed Salih & John Markarkis, (Uppsala: OSSREA & SIAS, 1998).



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Posted by admin - 03/03/2014 at 8:54 am
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ከጭሮ ከተማ ቃሊቲ ማረሚያ ቤት እንዲዘዋወሩ ከተደረጉት ታሳሪዎች መካክለ ሼህ ሃሰን በቂ ህክምና ባለማግኘታቸው ሂወታቸው ማለፉን ምንጮች አስታወቁ ከጭሮ ከተማ ቃሊቲ ማረሚያ ቤት እንዲዘዋወሩ ከተደረጉት ታሳሪዎች መካክለ ሼህ ሃሰን በቂ ህክምና ባለማግኘታቸው ሂወታቸው ማለፉን ምንጮች አስታወቁከጭሮ ከተማ ቃሊቲ ማረሚያ ቤት እንዲዘዋወሩ ከተደረጉት ታሳሪዎች መካክለ ሼህ ሃሰን በቂ ህክምና ባለማግኘታቸው ሂወታቸው ማለፉን ምንጮች አስታወቁ

March 2, 2014
በኦሮሚያ ክልል በምዕራብ ሃረርጌ በጭሮ ከተማ በሚገኙ ከተለያዩ ወረዳዎች በፖሊስ ተይዘው በጭሮ ከተማ ማረሚያ ቤት ለረጅም ጊዜ ታስረው ለህክምና ወደ ቃሊቲ ማረሚያ ቤት እንዲዘዋወሩ ከተደረጉት ታሳሪዎች መካክለ ሼህ ሃሰን በቂ ህክምና ባለማግኘታቸው ሂወታቸው ማለፉን ምንጮች አስታወቁ፡፡
በጭሮ ከተማ ከተለያዩ ወረዳዎች በጭሮ ከተማ ማረሚያ ቤት ታስረው ባደረባቸው ከፍተ|ኛ ህመም ምክንያት ማረሚ|ያ ቤቱ ከአንድ አመት በፊት ወደ ፌደራል ማረሚያ ቤት ወደሆነው ቃሊቲ ማረሚ|ያ ቤት ሪፈር በመፃፍ ወደ አዲስ አበባ ሄደው እንዲታከሙ ለማድረግ ሞክሮ ነበር፡፤ ሆኖም ታሳሪዎቹ በቃሊቲ ማረሚያ ቤት በዞን 3 ታስረው የሚገኙ ሲሆን ምንም የረባ ህክምና ሳያገኙ በከፍተኛ ህመም እየተሰቃዩ እንደሚገኙ ምንጮች አስታውቀዋል፤፤
ከምዕራብ ሃረርጌ ጭሮ ከተማ ማረሚያ ቤት ወደ ቃሊቲ ማረሚያ ቤት ከአመት በፊት የተዘዋወሩት ታሳሪዎቹ ስም ዝርዝር እንደሚከተለው ይቀርባል
1. መሐመድ ሐሰን አሊዩ በምዕራብ ሀርርጌ ዞን ጭሮ ከተማ ደባቢስቶ ወረዳ ቡሌ ኢሉ ቀበሌ
2. መሃመድ አህመድ በምዕራብ ሀርርጌ ዞን ጭሮ ከተማ ደባቢስቶ ወረዳ ቡሌ ኢሉ ቀበሌ
3. ሼህ ሀሰን በምዕራብ ሀረርጌ ዳሮ ለቦ ወረዳ ገለሞተራ ቀበሌ
4. ከተማ ጸጋዬ መገናኛው በምዕራብ ሃረርጌ መቻሬ ወይም ገመቺስ ወረዳ ሽሬ ቡሉ ቀበሌ
5. ከተማ ለማ ኢሾ በምዕራብ ሃረርጌ መቻሬ ወይም ገመቺስ ሽሬ ቡሉ ቀበሌ
6. ዘውዱ ታሪኩ እንደሻው በምዕራብ ሃረርጌ ዳርጌ ሳውሮ ወረዳ ቀበሌ 34 ነዋሪ የነበሩ መሆናቸው ታውቋል፡፡
ከላይ ከተዘረዘሩት በቃሊቲ ማረሚያ ቤት በዞን 3 ታስረው ከሚገኙት ታሳሪዎች መካከል በምዕራብ ሃረርጌ የጭሮ ከተማ የደባቢስቶ ወረዳ ቡሌ ኢሉ ቀበሌ ነዋሪ የነበሩት ሼህ ሃሰን በማረሚያ ቤቱ በቂ ህክምና እንዳያገኙ በመደረጋቸው በየካቲት 15/2006 ሂወታቸው ማለፉን የማረሚያ ቤቱ ምንጮች አስታውቀዋል፡፡
ሼህ ሃሰን ከጭሮ ከተማ ማረሚያ ቤት በቂ ህክምና እንዲያገኙ በሚል አብረዋቸው ከታሰሩ ሌሎች ታሳሪዎች ጋር ወደ አዲስ አበባ ቃሊቲ ማረሚያ ቤት ቢዘዋወሩም ማረሚ|ያ ቤቱ ተገቢ እና በቂ ህክምና እንዳያገኙ በማድረጉ ከዚህ አለም በሞት ሊለዩ እንደቻሉ ታውቋል፡፡ የሼህ ሀሰን ቤተሰቦችም ሊያገኟቸው አለመቻላቸውን የማረሚያ ቤቱ ምንጮች ገልፀዋል፡፡
በተመሳሳይም ሁኔታ ሌላኛው በምዕራብ ሀርርጌ ዞን ጭሮ ከተማ ደባቢስቶ ወረዳ ቡሌ ኢሉ ቀበሌ ነዋሪ የነበረው እና የዞን 3 ታሳሪ የሆነው .መሐመድ ሐሰን አሊዩ በቂ ህክምና ባለማግኘቱ በማረሚያ ቤቱ ውስጥ በሞት አፋፍ ላይ እንደሚገኝ ምንጮች አስታውቀዋል፡፡
በኢትዬጲያ በሚገኙ ማረሚያ ቤቶች ታስረው የሚገኙ ዜጎች ከጊዜ ወደ ጊዜ በህክምና እጦት ምክንያት ሂወታቸው በስቃይ የሚያልፉ ታሳሪዎች ቁጥር እየጨመረ መምጣቱ እየተሰማ ሲሆን የማረሚያ ቤቶቹ አስተዳደሮች ለሰው ልጅ ሂወት ክብር በመንፈግ ይህን ችግር ከመቅረፍ ይልቅ የፖለቲካ መቅጫ ዘዴ አድርገው መቀጠላቸው ታውቋል፡፡
ከዚህ ቀደም በቂሊንጦ ማረሚያ ቤትም ወረርሽኝ ገብቶ ጋዜጠኛ ዩሱፍ ጌታቸውን |ጨምሮ በርካታ የማረሚያ ቤቱ ታሳሪዎች ለህመም ተጋልጠው እንደነበር ይታወሳል፡፤ በማረሚያ ቤቱ ባለው የንፅህና ጉድለት እና መጥፎ ሽታም ኮሚቴዎቻችንንም ጨምሮ ለከፍተኛ የሳይነስ እና ተዛማጅ በሽታዎች ተጋላጭ እንዲሆኑ እንዳደረጋቸው ይታወቃል፡፡
ወደ አኼራ የሄዱትን ሼህ ሀሰንን አላህ ማረፊያቸውን በጀነት ያድርግላቸው!!
በመላው ሃገሪቱ ታስረው የሚገኙ ታሳሪዎችን አላህ በራህመቱ ይጠብቃቸው!!!
አሚን!!!
Source: Dargaggotta Oromoo Oslo
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Posted by admin - 02/03/2014 at 10:27 pm
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Sunday, March 2, 2014

Home » ESAT Radio » Notice to ESAT Radio Listener, Due to technical issues encountered by our service provider, ESAT Radio thru telephone dial is not functioning properly. Our service provider is working on the problem. We apologize for the inconvenience ESAT tech team.


Notice to ESAT Radio Listener, Due to technical issues encountered by our service provider, ESAT Radio thru telephone dial is not functioning properly. Our service provider is working on the problem. We apologize for the inconvenience ESAT tech team.

Notice to ESAT Radio Listener,
Due to technical issues encountered by our service provider, ESAT Radio thru telephone dial is not functioning properly. Our service provider is working on the problem. We apologize for the inconvenience
ESAT tech team.

Russia’s Gas Can Blow Up Ukraine Tomorrow

Russia’s Gas Can Blow Up Ukraine Tomorrow

original
March 2, 2014, UKRAINE (Huffington Post) – Military pressure on Ukraine has never been this strong, but cannons aren’t Moscow’s best weapon. With the growing Crimea issue — a pro-Russia Ukrainian region — gas appears as a threat in the resolution of the crisis. Ukraine highly depends on Russian energy. Rising gas prices decided by Moscow could lead, at any moment, to the country’s collapse.
A new twist could emerge soon in the affair: as of March 1, Russian gas giant Gazprom will have the possibility to renegotiate its contract with Ukraine’s state oil and gas company, Naftogaz.
Given the agreement on Russian gas supplies to Ukraine, the two companies are bound to sign a new contract each quarter. When diplomatic relations between Ukraine and Russia are good, so are prices.
The last agreement, signed in December, set the rate at $268.5 for 1,000 meters cubed. This was a competitive price, given the market rate at the time of negotiations was $400.
When prices are negotiated according to the state of relations between Ukraine and Russia
This Gazprom “gesture”, coming from the government’s main ally in the energy sector, was done for one reason: Former Ukrainian president Victor Yanukovych had just put an end to the free-trade agreement between his country and the European Union and was on the verge of reinforcing Ukrainian cooperation with Moscow. Now that the new interim governments is turning toward Brussels, a new pressure on gas supplies is expected.
Russia provides most of the gas consumed in Ukraine — it is Russian gas’ largest importer — and the Russian government has often been accused of using its neighbor’s dependency on gas as a means of political pressure. Several industry sectors in Ukraine, such as the metalworking and fertilizer industries, depend entirely on Russian exports. Another fact to consider — and to worry about — is that Kiev is a poor payer.
As of today, Ukraine owes about $4 billion to Gazprom. The country also needs to find $35 billion to pay its debts over the next two years. These are reasons to fear a third “gas war”.
In January 2006 and early 2009, Gazprom decided to cut off all supplies to Ukraine — through which 90 percent of Russian gas towards travels to Europe — on the Kremlin’s order. The Russians wanted to speed up the settlement of a commercial dispute on gas prices and debt. They also wanted to punish Ukraine from moving closer to the EU. As a result, several Eastern and Central European countries were deprived of gas supplies. Now, only 60 percent of Russian gas imported by European countries passes through Ukraine. The country’s neighbors tend to see an upcoming gas crisis more serenely.
Europe is less dependent on Ukraine
But in comparison with the previous crises, Russia now has more freedom to pressure Ukraine. The country has a network of gas importers through Europe, and can cut off Ukraine’s supplies without compromising the provision of other European countries.
Gazprom has built a giant dual pipeline in the Baltic Sea, in collaboration with the German companies E.ON, BASF and the French gas company GDF Suez. Called Nord Stream, this pipeline can drain 55 billion meters cubed every year, directly from Russia to Germany. The country is also highly dependent on Russian gas, but Gazprom can’t deprive it of energy. Nord Stream is also led by a consortium whose head is Gerhard Schröder, the Germany’s chancellor from 1999-2005 .
On the southern side, the South Stream pipeline will begin to function soon. It will cross through Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary and Italy. This pipeline will ensure that there is a permanent transit through Central Europe.
According to Alexandre Razouvaev, head of Alpari’s analytical department, “Gazprom is today much less dependent on Ukrainian transit than it used to be. Several alternative itineraries have been created over the last few years: BelTransGaz, Belarus’ transit, but also Nord Stream, and the pipeline connecting Russia to Turkey through the black Sea.
(Highly hypothetical) alternatives to do without Russia
As Russia tries to free itself from Ukraine in gas transit, Kiev is trying to diversify its providers. Ukraine’s former Prime Minister Mykola Azarov pointed out at the end of 2013 that the country had reduced its Russian gas imports by 40 percent since 2010. Eventually, he added, his country could even live without Russian gas supplies. Ukraine’s government has accomplished an “enormous” work in trying to extract domestic gas, Azarov said.
Many contracts have been signed, notably with Shell and ExxonMobil, which can now extract natural gas from the Black Sea shelf. The Ukrainian government has also given the American company Chevron the right to start researching and explore shale gas in the country. A consistent gas well has been found at Oleski in western Ukraine, the former presidency said.
Experts, however, remain quite cautious about the actual potential of shale gas wells in eastern Europe, as several exploration campaigns have already failed in the past. The nature of soils there makes the production more difficult than in the United States. These projects also face rejection and hostility from part of the population, worried about their environmental impact. Hundreds of people demonstrated last October against the Chevron exploring project in Lviv, western Ukraine’s major city.
Map of the shale gas wells in Europe
In green: potential shale gas basin for which data is available.
In blue: potential shale gas basin for which no precise data is available.
Source: Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates based on several studies.
The sudden rate rise should not stop soon
original (1)
(The peak matches with street fighting in Ukraine, followed by a major rest with the nomination of a new government. Yet rates remain very high.)
Natural gas has strengthened by 30 percent since the beginning of the Ukrainian crisis. What to expect remains an important question.
“There are chances of seeing natural gas prices go down,” said Alexandre Baradez, an analyst for IG Markets. “The rate bounce started during the first semester of 2012, well before the start of the Ukrainian crisis. It catalyzed the rate rise over the past few weeks.”
“This trend could continue knowing that Ukraine is a strategic actor in the provision of Europe in gas, and that the consumption of Russian gas in the country is still very high,” the specialist said. In the end, “the combination of geopolitical tensions on the short run, and the improvement of global economic fundamentals on the medium run give little chance of a gas prices decrease in the upcoming months.”
Source: Huffington Post
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Posted by admin - 02/03/2014 at 2:29 pm
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